Acquisition of traits from sponges to mammals

Part A – (possible 80 points)
For Part A there are 4 parts you need to include – see numbered bullets below. You are
to make a chart detailing the acquisition of traits from sponges to mammals. It may be
done in the form of a table, a concept map, an outline, or a phylogenetic tree. The
following traits must be included and defined, along with the evolutionary advantage(s) of
each and the organism that first exhibited the trait.
1) List the traits in the order in which they appear from an evolutionary standpoint. You
will start with multicellularity, then tissues, then radial symmetry and so on and so
forth. (20 points)
2) Define all traits. (20 points)
3) Determine the organism the trait was first found in. Be sure to list only the organism
the trait was FIRST found in. Hint!You can determine this by using the phylogenetic trees
in your textbook.Starting on page 699 there is a phylogenetic tree with some of the
traits.More mini-phylogenetic trees can be found on subsequent pages (702, 704, 705,
etc and ending on page 880) (20 points)
4) Provide the evolutionary advantage of each trait. (20 points)
 Amniotic eggs
 Bilateral symmetry
 Closed circulatory system
 Coelom
 Deuterostome
 Dorsal tubular nerve cord
 Endoskeleton
 Endothermy
 Exoskeleton
 Feathers
 Four chambered heart
 Gills
 Hair
 Hollow bones
 Jaws
 Limbs
 Lungs
 Mammary glands
 Multicellularity
 Notochord
 Open circulatory system
 Jointed appendages
 Pharyngeal pouch
 Postanal tail
 Psedocoelom
 Radial symmetry
 Scales
 Segmentation
 Swim bladder
 Three chambered heart

 Tissues
 Two-chambered heart
 Vertebral column

Answer Preview……………………..

Multicellularity Multiple cells working collaboratively as a single being. Cyanobacteria Increase in body size hence efficiency. Organism increases lifespan (death of a cell does not mean organism dies). Tissues Specialized structures with specific function in the body. Cnidarians More efficient body processes due to dedicated tissues. Radial symmetry Ability to divide an animal along any plane into two almost symmetrical halves. Cnidarians Capture prey moving in any direction easily. Bilateral symmetry Ability to divide an animal along a single plane into two almost symmetrical halves. Acoela Sensory organs near anterior therefore movement is headfirst. Pseudocoelom Fluid-filled body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm. Roundworms Coelomic fluid protects internal organs from mechanical shock. Coelom Fluid-filled cavity that has tissue between mesoderm and endoderm. Mollusks and annelids Better excretory process through accumulation of nitrogen waste and water in coelom space. Deuterostome Anus develops from the first opening in the gastrula. Acorn worms Ability to alter cell during organism development. Segmentation Body divided into successive parts similar to each other. Earthworm More flexibility in locomotion due to independence of segment movement. Exoskeleton A hard external cover that provides framework for support. Arthropods Protection from predators. Gills Respiratory structures in mollusks, arthropods, and fish. Fish High concentration of blood to take up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide…………….

APA 714 words