Discuss why one should be cautious in drawing causal conclusions with a correlational design.

Discuss why one should be cautious in drawing causal conclusions with a correlational design.

Assignment Details: 1.A study once found that, for any given year, there was a positive correlation between ice cream consumption and the crime rate (during the summer months). If ice cream consumption was high for a given year, the crime rate was also high; if consumption was low, the crime rate was also low. What can explain this phenomenon?
2.Part 1: Discuss why one should be cautious in drawing causal conclusions with a correlational design.
Part 2: State your current hypothesis for your research topic and the steps you took in developing your hypothesis. How did you ensure your hypothesis is well-written and articulate?
3.Assessment Description
Compare the following terms:
*test-retest reliability with inter-rater reliability.
*content validity with both predictive validity and construct validity.
*internal validity with external validity.
Can a test be reliable without being valid? Can a test be valid without being reliable? Explain.
4.Assessment Description
What components differentiate experiments from the non-experimental methods discussed in Topics 2 and 3? How do experiments do a better job of assessing causality?

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