identify the proportion of the exposed and unexposed by assessing past exposures through various methods, such as interviews and medical records.
Case-Control
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A case-controlled study is a comprehensive descriptive method used to analyze the comparison of a specific event or population. The characteristics and design of a case-control study start with the cases and control, which is identifying both the individual or group that have the diseases (cases) and the group or individual that does not have the diseases (control). The next step is to identify the proportion of the exposed and unexposed by assessing past exposures through various methods, such as interviews and medical records. Therefore, after analysis, the cases will be compared to the control group (Celentano& Szklo, 2019).
Cases and control can be selected based on hospital, non-hospitalized, and best-friend control. Cases can be selected from a hospital, however, any risk factor that is found based on the collected data will be used as a unique factor for that hospital. However, this selection method can be violated for example, if a tertiary care facility is used as a selection method for participants, then the result collected from the study will only be useful for severely ill individuals. Controls can be selected based on two methods, non-hospitalized people and best friend control. Non-hospitalized controls various such as community, school rosters, registered voters’ lists, neighborhood, and etc. The neighborhood method centered around going from door-to-door interviewing and surveying individuals based on a strategic method, such as skipping every other house and etc. However, this method can be violated because people tend to not answer their doors to an unwanted guest, this prevents the collection of data. The third selection method is best-friend control, which is when a participant is asked for their best friend’s name and the researchers asked the best friend if they are willing to participate. However, this can be violated because, if best-friend B agrees to participate, the data might be similar to best-friend A, because of similar characteristics (Celentano& Szklo, 2019).
A limitation of using questionnaires is recall which comes in two forms, recall bias, and limitation in recall. Recall bias is a selection error that occurs in research because of recalling inaccurate information from past exposure. The limitation in recall is when the participant forgot various pieces of information while participating in research. An alternative method for collecting data is using matching. Matching is a method by which the case and control are matched based on similarities in characteristics, which will increase the efficiency of the study (Setia, 2016; Celentano& Szklo, 2019).
Reference
Celentano, D. D., & Szklo, M. (2019). Gordis epidemiology (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN-13: 9780323552295
Setia, S. (2016). Methodology Series Module 2: Case-control Studies. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 61(2), 146-151. Doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.177773
Respond to the bold paragraph ABOVE by using one of the option below… in APA format with At least two references and a minimum of 200 words….. .(The List of References should not be older than 2016 and should not be included in the word count.)
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32 mins ago
REQUIREMENTS
NYU
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apa 265 words