What does natural selection mean regarding population genetics when considering the Navajo and Apache Nations?
What does natural selection mean regarding population genetics when considering the Navajo and Apache Nations?
NUR3306 Section 01 Integration of Genetics and Genomics into Ethical Nursing Practice (11 Weeks) 2022 Winter Quarter
Competency
Describe the principles of genetics and genomics.
Scenario
One of the clients you worked with in your clinical experience is Native American, a member of the Navajo Nation. He has symptoms of neuropathy and an autoimmune disorder. He relays that it runs in his family and many Navajo people that he knows have these problems. He points out that it was worse in his parents and grandparents’ generations. You decide to do some reading and learn that members of the Navajo and Apache Tribes have a genetic predisposition for these problems.
Instructions
Create an APA formatted document to include the following content:
- What does natural selection mean regarding population genetics when considering the Navajo and Apache Nations?
- What is the difference between mutation, migration, selection, and genetic drift?
- How could population genetics impact care to clients?
Requirements: 2-3 pages | .doc file
Subject: Nursing
extra information: class notes
WHAT IS POPULATION GENETICS?
- Population genetics is the study of the variations of genes from within and among populations. Studies of genes have been performed on many types of communities from wild animals, nematodes, parasites, and humans to determine how genetic variations impact the growth or destruction of populations (Ogola, Odero, Mwangangi, Masiga & Tchouassi, 2019).The focus of population genetics is on aggregate groups or species. Population genetics does not focus on the individual. When exploring the genes found in populations, the focus is on the polymorphic aspects of genetic material. Polymorphic genes occur in several different forms. The investigation of population genetics is based on an understanding of genetics yet uses mathematical models to identify trends and predict the impact of genetic variations in groups.
· TERMS THAT DESCRIBE POPULATION GENETICS
- A population’s gene pool is the variety of genes in an interbreeding population. The depth and breadth of a population’s gene pool may change over time as a result of the introduction of new genetic materials, or the limitation of gene diversity. If a population has a tendency toward a genetic disease and does not produce offspring, that genetic disease is likely to decrease in frequency. These tendencies can be considered natural selection.Genetic drift is different than natural selection. Genetic drift takes place when there is a random fluctuation in the transfer of chromosomes from one generation to the next. The result of genetic drift is a reduction in variation within the population. There are two types of genetic drifts to consider, and the following example may help to illustrate the differences.If rabbits with whitetails are removed from the larger population of rabbits, the offspring of the remaining rabbits are not likely to have whitetails. This type of natural selection is called bottlenecking.If the brown rabbit is introduced to rabbits with white paws, the resulting population is likely to have more white paws. This type of natural selection is called the founder effect.Culling is a common act in animal husbandry to strengthen herds. The weak or sickly animal is not allowed to breed, leaving the stronger animals to thrive and produce healthy offspring. Culling could also be considered segregation of the sick from the larger population to assure that it will not reproduce.
- Application to Professional NursingPopulation genetics is essential for professional nurses to recognize on a genetics and genomics level. As professional nurses, we have the opportunity to encourage counseling and the self-selection of individuals not to reproduce if there is a genetic disease that may be life-threatening. The moral and ethical considerations are tremendous as the ethics of beneficence, justice, and respect for the individual are foundations of thought when we approach our clients and their families. These ethical principles evolved partially as a result of a lack of recognition when addressing populations.The potential benefits of understanding and applying principles of population genetics can benefit our clients and large populations. An appreciation of population genetics allows us to observe patterns of genetic changes over time. By comparing populations, we begin to see how internal and external factors may initiate the evolution of a trait. It also allows us to understand better why some groups are more susceptible to certain diseases. Population genetics provides insights with the potential to benefit everyone. By comparing groups of data, we open ourselves to understanding new opportunities to discover new ways to identify disease and treatments (Charlesworth, 2015).
References
Charlesworth, B. (2015). What Use Is Population Genetics? Genetics, 200(3), 667-669.Ogola, E. O., Odero, J. O., Mwangangi, J. M., and Tchouassi, D. P. (2019). Population genetics and Anepheles funestus, the African malaria vector, Kenya. Parasites & Vectors, 12(1). 1756-1777.
Those are the notes she gave us
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